Fundamental Analysis Of Tata Steel: From becoming the Tata Group’s most profitable company in FY22 to announcing its 1:10 stock split and the amalgamation of its 7 companies; Tata Steel made news multiple times this year. With so much happening, how do we as investors resist not looking at the steel company? Therefore, in this article, we shall conduct a fundamental analysis of Tata Steel.

We start by getting ourselves acquainted with the company and the steel industry. Then we move on to see its revenue growth, return ratios, and debt figures. After that, we cover the future plans of the Tata Group’s steel maker. A summary concludes the article in the end.

So without further ado, let us jump in.

Fundamental Analysis Of Tata Steel

Tata Steel was started as Asia’s first private steel company in 1907. Previously known as Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO), the company chose Jamshedpur to establish its first steel plant. This also led to its development as India’s first industrial city eventually.

As of today,  Tata Steel is the nation’s second-largest domestic steel producer and one of the top 10 steel producers in the world. It produced 31.03 million tonnes (MT) of crude steel in FY22.

NatSteel, Corus, Bhushan Steel, and Nilachal Ispat Nigam have been some of its key acquisitions to date. The management grew the company organically and inorganically as and when it found attractive opportunities. 

The steel manufacturer has a presence in more than 26 countries with key operations in India, Europe, and South-East Asia.

Tata Steel produces automotive and special products, industrial products, retail-branded products, hot-rolled steel, metallic-coated steel, pre-finished steels, alloy steels, profiles & construction systems, and value-added products and services.

However, the European operations have been a major drag for Tata Steel. There are many reasons behind its heavy losses: over-priced acquisition of Corus, stiff competition from Chinese low-cost steel, inability to sell the unit, and decarbonization efforts by the European governments.

We have now got an overview of the company as part of our fundamental analysis of Tata Steel Ltd. Let us now move on to get an understanding of the steel industry.

Company Overview

India is the second largest steel producer in the world after China. In FY21, the country produced 118 million tonnes of steel compared to 1,033 million tonnes produced by China. We can say that India fulfills almost 15% of the global steel demand.

The global steel demand is projected to touch 1,896 million tonnes this year, a growth of 2,2% over the previous year.

Talking about the origin of the demand, the construction, residential and automotive sectors are the major consumers of steel. This makes the steel industry cyclical. Its demand increases during economic booms and falls sharply when the economies contract.

As for the production costs, coking coal makes up one-third of the cost of steel production. Indian companies are dependent on imports of coking coal. Thus lately, steel makers took frequent price hikes because of huge volatility in international coking coal costs. 

In terms of export performance, the country’s exports of finished steel reached an all-time high of 18.3 million tonnes in FY22. This was because of rising steel prices around the world. The decreased supply from China amid other factors prompted this. However, the government increased export duty on many steel products to control domestic steel prices. 

Putting it all together, we can conclude that steel is a slow-growing sector. But the present business environment is favorable for non-Chinese steel makers. There is an opportunity for steel producers to gain market share as the Chinese government is coming down harsh on steel companies for decarbonization.

Tata Steel – Financials

Revenue and Net-Profit Growth

FY22 was a blockbuster year for steel producers as steel prices reached all-time highs. The soaring alloy prices helped the steel makers to post record revenues and profit figures.

Many reasons have been attributed to this rally. Pent-up demand, the stocking of steel, and supply chain issues aided the companies. Further, the Chinese government’s efforts toward decarbonization and localized lockdowns resulted in lower steel production in China.

The table below presents consolidated as well as standalone revenues and net profit figures of Tata Steel for the last five years. 

	Consolidated		Standalone
Year	Revenue (Rs. Cr.)	Net Profit (Rs. Cr.)	Revenue (Rs. Cr.)	Net Profit (Rs. Cr.)
2022	243,959	41,749	129,021	33,011
2021	156,477	8,190	84,133	17,078
2020	148,972	1,172	60,436	6,744
2019	157,669	9,122	70,611	10,533
2018	123,249	17,743	59,617	4,170

We read in the company’s overview that its European operations have been a drag. We can observe from the data that except for FY18 and FY22, the performance of its subsidiaries trailed that of the company. Thus, we can conclude that the non-Indian operations of Tata Steel have hurt the company’s performance as a whole.

Return Ratios

The huge variability in the profitability of Tata Steel is also evident in the return ratios for the last five years. In the table below, we can see how both the ratios (on a consolidated basis): return on capital employed (RoCE) and return on equity (RoE) have fluctuated sharply in the past.

Year	RoCE	RoE
2022	28.31%	35.08%
2021	12.69%	10.19%
2020	5.79%	2.18%
2019	13.59%	15.33%
2018	10.92%	22.92%

Debt/Equity and Interest Coverage Ratios

Historically, the debt-to-equity ratio of Tata Steel has been high as a group. As for its standalone operations, the figure was 0.26, 0.34, and 0.53 in FY22, FY21, and FY20 respectively.

Nevertheless, FY22 proved to be a very good period for the company. The increased earnings helped the company to deleverage itself on a standalone as well as a consolidated basis.

The table below presents the consolidated debt-to-equity ratio and interest coverage ratio of Tata Steel for the last five years.

Year	Debt/Equity	Interest Coverage
2022	0.6	11.77
2021	1.1	4.13
2020	1.59	1.44
2019	1.37	3.06
2018	1.51	3.06

Competitive Advantage

Tata Steel is one of the only three steel companies in India with captive iron-ore mines. In addition to this, the company also owns coal mines which are able to meet almost 20% of the company’s demand. The captive mines give it a competitive advantage in terms of cost leadership through better profit margins.

Tata Steel – Future Plans

So far we have looked at how the company has grown over the years. This section of our fundamental analysis of Tata Steel highlights what lies ahead for the company.

1. The steel maker has earmarked a huge capex of Rs. 12,000 crores for FY23. Out of this, Rs. 8,500 crore will be invested in India. The rest of it will go towards enhancing European operations. 
2. Recently, it spent Rs. 12,100 crores on the acquisition of troubled government-owned Nilachal Ispat Nigam Limited. This will give the company a dedicated facility to produce long steel products. 
3. Over the next five years, the company has planned a large capital investment of Rs. 50,000-60,000 crores. This will enable Tata Steep to touch a production capacity of 35 MT by 2025. The long-term target of the company is 40 MT by 2030.
4. In September, the management decided to simplify Tata Steel’s complex holding structure and save costs. This shall help in cost reduction of Rs. 1,000 to 1,500 crores every year by the amalgamation of 7 companies into one.

Fundamental Analysis Of Tata Steel – Key Metrics

The table below presents the key metrics of Tata Steel Ltd.

CMP	₹95.2	Market Cap (Cr.)	₹116,500
EPS	₹32.1	Stock P/E	2.99
ROCE	28.3%	ROE	35.1%
Face Value	₹1.0	Book Value	₹93.7
Promoter Holding	33.9%	Price to Book Value	1.02
Debt to Equity	0.6	Dividend Yield	5.36%
Net Profit Margin	17.1%	Operating Profit Margin	26.0%

In Conclusion

We are now at the end of our fundamental analysis of Tata Steel. We can conclude that Tata Steel has surely benefited immensely from the upturn in the steel industry. Going forward, India’s steel sector is expected to grow fast as China slows down. This presents a huge opportunity for Indian steel players, including Tata Steel. 

At the same time, the management will have to think something about its European operations. The mounting pressure of decarbonization and delayed talks around subsidies cast strong permission over the operations of the company.

In your opinion, what is the way forward for Tata Steel? How should it manage its non-Indian operations? Is it a good investment despite a bad arm? How about you let us know in the comments below?

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